Chatigny cautions that any evaluation for childhood ADHD should involve tests to rule out other mental and medical disorders. Adderall should be considered a part of a total treatment program that includes psychological, educational, dietary changes and social aspects.
Most adults diagnosed with ADHD show symptoms of inattention or distraction. Adderall may be working if a person with ADHD says they are doing better at work or school. It calms them and most often improves their ability to focus. The greatest risks and side effects occur when the medication is not used as intended or the user takes more than the prescribed dose, Dr.
Stimulants can raise your heart rate and increase anxiety, so a person with high blood pressure, seizures, heart disease, glaucoma, liver or kidney disease, or an anxiety disorder should tell their doctor about them before taking any stimulant. Non-stimulants like Strattera can take 4 to 8 weeks to reach maximum effectiveness at the proper dose.
Chatigny is board-certified in child, adolescent and adult psychiatry, a fellow of the American Psychiatric Association, and is the medical director of behavioral health with Lee Physician Group.
Fruit juices are often acidic and can decrease how much Adderall your body absorbs. Caffeine in foods and beverages such as coffee might add to the stimulant effects of Adderall. This can increase the risk of stimulant-related side effects such as anxiety , nervousness, trouble sleeping, and others. While taking Adderall, you should avoid consuming large amounts of coffee or other drinks that contain caffeine. Symptoms of overdose can include:. If you think you or your child has taken too much of this drug, call your doctor or seek guidance from the American Association of Poison Control Centers at or through their online tool.
But if your symptoms are severe, call or go to the nearest emergency room right away. Treatment of overdose will partly depend on the symptoms you have. In many cases, people who have overdosed will be agitated. Medical personnel may give an injection to calm the person. In some cases, intravenous fluids may be given.
Also, tests may be done to check for heart problems, breathing problems, and oxygen levels. And medications may be needed for heart problems or seizures if they occur. Drug dependence can occur in people who take Adderall. Prolonged use can cause both psychological and physical dependence. This can make it difficult to stop taking the medication. In some cases, it can lead to drug abuse and inappropriate usage, resulting in severe side effects.
Misuse and abuse of Adderall is a growing epidemic , especially on college campuses. Many college students use Adderall to help them study.
The half-life of a medication refers to the time it takes for half of the medication to be inactivated or removed from the body. Half-life is used as a measure of how long the medication will work or stay in the body. The half-life of Adderall is typically from 9 to 14 hours. Each Adderall tablet or capsule contains two stimulant drugs: amphetamine and dextroamphetamine.
Both drugs cause the body to release increased norepinephrine and other neurotransmitters in the brain. Neurotransmitters are chemicals that send messages, or signals, between cells. Increased amounts of these messengers in the brain can result in more focus and attention. In people with ADHD , it can also result in a calming effect. In people with narcolepsy , it can help reduce daytime sleepiness. Some research in animals has shown negative effects to a fetus when the mother takes this drug.
Some infants born to mothers who are dependent on drugs similar to Adderall during pregnancy have shown negative effects. These include an increased risk of being born premature, having low birth weight, or having symptoms of drug withdrawal. This medication should be used during pregnancy only if the benefit justifies the potential risk. Adderall can pass through breast milk and cause side effects in a child who is breastfed. You may need to decide whether to stop breastfeeding or stop taking this medication.
When Adderall is dispensed from the pharmacy, the pharmacist will add an expiration date to the label on the bottle. This date is typically one year from the date the medication was dispensed. The purpose of such expiration dates is to guarantee the effectiveness of the medication during this time. However, an FDA study showed that many medications may still be good beyond the expiration date listed on the bottle. How long the medication remains good can depend on many factors, including how and where the medication is stored.
Adderall should be stored at room temperature in a tightly sealed and light-resistant container. If you have unused medication that has gone past the expiration date, talk to your pharmacist about whether you might still be able to use it. Adderall XR typically works for about 8 to 10 hours.
As a result, most people take it just once each day. Adderall is a stimulant that works in the brain to treat symptoms of ADHD and narcolepsy. What we do know is that Adderall affects chemical messengers in the brain called neurotransmitters , such as norepinephrine and dopamine.
The effects on these neurotransmitters are thought to help control certain impulses and provide a calming effect in people with ADHD.
They also cause increased focus and attention. It can also cause feelings of physical and mental energy, and a sense of confidence. One review of studies showed that in people with ADHD, stimulant medications such as Adderall made the structure and function of their brains more closely match the structure and function of brains in people without ADHD. Tolerance occurs when your body gets used to the effects of a medication and no longer responds in the same way.
In some cases, this can require increasing the dosage of a drug to get the same effect. Once an effective dosage is determined, that dosage can often be continued for long periods of time without any loss of effectiveness. Tolerance can also relate to side effects. People who take Adderall for ADHD or narcolepsy sometimes experience side effects when they first start the medication.
In many cases, the body develops a tolerance to these side effects, and they go away. Adderall contains amphetamine and dextroamphetamine. For people who take Adderall, drug screening tests will be positive for amphetamine. If you take Adderall for a medical condition, consider disclosing this information before completing a drug screening related to work or athletics.
This drug has a boxed warning. A boxed warning alerts doctors and patients about drug effects that may be dangerous.
Adderall and similar medications have the potential to be misused. Taking these medications for long periods of time can cause psychological and physical dependence. This may lead to obtaining Adderall illegally and using it for nonmedical purposes. Misuse and abuse of Adderall may cause serious side effects, including heart problems and death. Before taking Adderall, talk with your doctor about your health history. Adderall may not be appropriate for you if you have certain medical conditions.
These include:. If you think your pet has consumed this medication, call your veterinarian right away. Amphetamines are sympathomimetic amines that stimulate the central nervous system CNS. Amphetamines stimulate norepinephrine and dopamine release in the CNS, increasing their levels in the extraneuronal space. Amphetamines decrease fatigue , increase alertness, and cause mild euphoria. Outside the CNS, amphetamines increase blood pressure and stimulate heart rate and respiration.
After an oral dose of Adderall, peak plasma concentrations occur in about three hours. For Adderall XR, the peak concentration occurs in about seven hours. Amphetamines are excreted in the urine. Typically, 30 percent to 40 percent of the administered dose is recovered in the urine as amphetamine, and 50 percent is recovered as the inactive metabolite alpha-hydroxy-amphetamine. Amphetamines contained in Adderall are extensively abused. People taking amphetamines can develop extreme psychological dependence and tolerance.
In some cases of amphetamine misuse, people have used doses several times higher than what is recommended. In those dependent on amphetamines, severe withdrawal can occur when the medication is abruptly stopped.
Withdrawal symptoms can include extreme fatigue , depression , and sleep disruption. Adderall should be stored in a tightly closed, light-resistant container. Disclaimer : MedicalNewsToday has made every effort to make certain that all information is factually correct, comprehensive, and up-to-date. However, this article should not be used as a substitute for the knowledge and expertise of a licensed healthcare professional.
You should always consult your doctor or other healthcare professional before taking any medication. The drug information contained herein is subject to change and is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects.
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Adderall and alcohol. Adderall interactions. Adderall abuse. Adderall half-life. How does Adderall work? Adderall and pregnancy. Adderall and breastfeeding. Adderall expiration. Adderall XR duration. Adderall effects on the brain.
Adderall tolerance. For these reasons, Adderall and Adderall XR are contraindicated for people with:. Adderall carries the risk for overdose in part because of its potential for drug abuse or misuse. The maximum recommended daily dose of Adderall is 40 mg a day for ADHD and 60 mg a day for narcolepsy, but symptoms of an overdose can occur at lower doses.
These symptoms include:. A fatal overdose is often preceded by convulsions and coma. If an overdose is suspected, call a poison helpline or go to an emergency room. Adderall has been FDA approved for children between the ages of 3 and 17 for the treatment of ADHD and for children older than 6 diagnosed with narcolepsy.
Adderall XR, however, is only approved for children between the ages of 6 and older. Unfortunately, the long-term effects of the pediatric use of amphetamines have not been well-studied. One significant and common side effect of Adderall is the suppression of growth in children. Over time, children taking Adderall may gain less weight and height than other children. Falling behind on growth is one reason Adderall may be discontinued in children.
The safety of Adderall in pregnant women has not been fully established, but the drug may cause premature birth, low birth weight, and amphetamine withdrawal symptoms in a newborn.
Women who are pregnant or considering pregnancy should discuss the benefits and possible risks of taking Adderall during pregnancy. Nursing women should avoid taking Adderall or Adderall XR while breastfeeding.
Adverse effects on nursing babies have not been well-documented, but there is a possibility the infant may experience serious cardiovascular side effects or other adverse effects. The use of Adderall in people older than 65 has not been studied. Adderall has several drug interactions patients or caregivers should review before taking or administering Adderall.
This may not be a complete list of possible drug interactions with Adderall. People taking Adderall commonly experience side effects, particularly loss of appetite, dry mouth, and trouble sleeping.
There are, however, potentially more worrisome but rare side effects such as elevated blood pressure or fast heartbeats patients or caregivers may be concerned about. A few tips can help reduce or prevent side effects:. Take the dose as prescribed and read the medication guide or patient instructions that come with the medicine.
For maximum benefit, take Adderall daily unless directed otherwise. Adderall can be taken with or without food.
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